An international team of scientists is proposing a new explanation for the origin of everything we know. Theory suggests that the cosmos may have been born within a black hole Gigantic, located in a larger structure, called the mother universe. The idea emerges as a bold alternative to the traditional model of big Bang.
The study that details this hypothesis was recently published in the scientific journal Physical Review D. The researchers based work on known laws of physics without resorting to mysterious particles or forces. The goal is to solve some of the main limitations of Big Bang theory, which, although successful, still has open questions.
Although the Big Bang theory can substantiate several important phenomena, such as cosmic background radiation and the accelerated expansion of the universe, it is not able to explain the origin of dark energy and dark matter. Another important challenge is that the model provides for a uniqueness, a region of infinite density in which PHYSICAL LAWS do not apply.
According to Professor Enrique Gaztañaga of the University of Portsmouth, England, who led research, most scientists try to solve these flaws proposing new forms of energy or changing the laws of known physics. “But these solutions are drastic measures,” Gaztañaga told the site Space.comstating that your team decided to explore a simpler explanation.
Universe would have emerged from the collapse of cosmic cloud
It all started with a question about the reason for the accelerated expansion of the universe. The scientists realized that if it was observed from outside, our universe would look like a huge black hole, as it is contained within its own gravitational radius. From this finding, the team began to wonder if the origin of everything could have been a collapse, similar to the process that transforms stars into black holes.
In traditional theory, the universe began as an extremely hot and dense uniqueness, expanding rapidly shortly after Big Bang. Gaztañaga explains that by backwards the expansion based on known laws, we come to this point of infinite density. Therefore, according to him, many interpret uniqueness as the moment of creation of everything.
The new hypothesis suggests something different. Instead of starting from a uniqueness, the universe would have arisen from the collapse of a large cloud of matter in another universe. The team performed simulations to test this idea and discovered an exact mathematical solution that describes the process, without the need to create new laws of physics.
According to Gaztañaga, under certain conditions, the collapse of matter would not result in a uniqueness. Instead, there would be a “jump”, followed by a new phase of expansion, similar to what we know as Big Bang. This phenomenon would be the result only of gravity and quantum effects.
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Gravity and field of hyggs can unite quantum physics and cosmic radiation
One of the foundations of the new theory is a known principle of quantum mechanics that says that identical particles such as electrons and neutrons cannot occupy the same place at the same time. This phenomenon creates a kind of pressure, called degenerate pressure, which prevents total compression of matter. It is this effect that prevents the final collapse of stars and may also have prevented the total collapse of the universe.
Visiting researcher by Portsmouth, Sravan Kumar, co -author of the study, points out that, under very high density and energy conditions, quantum effects become important. He hypothesizes that gravity can interact with the Higgs field, the same quantum field responsible for giving mass to particles. If this interaction became repulsive at high densities, it could prevent total collapse and generate expansion.
This interaction between gravity and hyggs field was not explored in the current article, but is seen by researchers as a promising line for future studies. According to Kumar, this could explain the data observed in background cosmic radiation and help unite gravity laws with quantum mechanics.
Swaraj Pradhan, another study collaborator also visiting master’s student of Portsmouth, recalls that although we know the effects of quantum pressure on white dwarfs and neutron starswe do not have direct data on extreme conditions shortly after the formation of a black hole. Therefore, according to him, it is important to consider that quantum effects can prevent the formation of real singularities.
Collapse remains can still exist
The new model predicts that the universe has a small positive spatial curvature, result of the dough and finite size of the original black hole. It also suggests that remains of collapse, such as primordial black holes or ancient neutron stars, may still exist today.
Also team member, Michael Gableler, a researcher at the University of Valencia, Spain, explains that the whole process described by the study follows the rules of General Relativity of Einstein. According to him, finding these remaining objects, especially in the most primitive universe, would be a strong evidence in favor of the new theory.
Gaztañaga adds that the first observations of NASA’s space telescope James Webb (JWST) have already identified surprisingly old galaxies formed shortly after the supposed beginning of the universe. These findings, which challenge Big Bang’s traditional calendar, can reinforce the idea that the universe has undergone a gravitational leap.
“Of course it’s a controversial theory,” he admits. “But questioning old assumptions is essential for science to advance.”
